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ASL 110: Word Processing & Desktop Publishing 1
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ASL Software Publishing - Word Processing - Desktop Publishing PAK 1 (1995).ISO
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MANUAL.4
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1991-05-03
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__________________________________________
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| Section 4: ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION |
|__________________________________________|
CONTENTS
4.1 Line Breaks
4.2 Justification
4.3 Justifying Fill
4.1 LINE BREAKS
When processing text, the Publisher automatically inserts line breaks,
where required, to fit the text within the column width specified by the
user. The following tags may be used to insert a "hard" line break,
that is, an instruction to end the current line and begin a new one,
even if the column width has not been reached.
<QD> Quad: Ends line, and justifies it using currently prescribed "rag
setting" (justification scheme)
<QC> Quad Centre: Ends line, and centre-justifies it
<QJ> Quad Justify: Ends line, and justifies it left and right
<QL> Quad Left: Ends line, and left-justifies it
<QR> Quad Right: Ends line, and right-justifies it
<Z> Zero Film Advance (at NEXT line break, starts new line on same
baseline as current line, i.e. overprints current line)
<QZ> Quad Zero: Short form for the tag sequence <Z><QL>
These "Quad" tags (except <QZ>) all cause the printhead to move down
one line space after ending and printing the current line. For example,
if the "line leading" (the vertical distance from the baseline of one
line of print to the baseline of the next) is currently set at 15
points, the printhead will move down 15 points after ending and printing
a line ended by any "Quad" tag except <QZ>.
If you want the printhead to move down a distance different from the
current line leading, you can do this by simply specifying the desired
amount of vertical movement at the end of the "Quad" tag, in the form of
a number and unit of measurement.
Example 1: The normal line leading is 15 points, and you want to leave a
blank line after a centered heading: to do this, place the "Quad" tag
<QC30pt> at the end of the heading. This will center the heading, and
then move the printhead down 30 points (two line spaces) before starting
the next line, leaving a blank line after the heading.
The amount of vertical movement specified in a "Quad" tag need not be an
exact number of line spaces: any amount (within reason) can be
specified, using any unit of measurement accepted by the Publisher.
Example 2: You want to end and left-justify a line, then move 2 inches
down the page before printing the next line. To do this, end the line
with the tag <QL2in>. (If you wanted to right-justify the line and them
move down 2 inches, the tag would be <QR2in>.)
Occasionally, when preparing complicated layouts, you may want to move
the printhead UP, instead of down, after ending a line. You can do this
by specifying a NEGATIVE amount of vertical movement in a "Quad" tag.
For example, the tag <QL-1.5in> will end and left-justify the current
line, and then move the printhead up an inch and a half before starting
the next line.
"Quad" tags with distance parameters are frequently used in setting up
forms, title pages, cover pages, advertisements, etc.
4.2 JUSTIFICATION
"Justification" refers to the horizontal positioning of the lines
within the column. In general, a full line of text with standard
letter spacing and word spacing, will be somewhat shorter than the
prescribed column width, and may be horizontally positioned in several
ways, known as forms of justification, which may be selected using the
following tags.
<RR> Rag Right: Left justification only (right margin is ragged)
<XR> Cancel Rag: Left and Right justification, also called "full
justification" (neither margin is ragged)
<RL> Rag Left: Right justification only (left margin is ragged)
<RC> Rag Centre: Centre justification (lines are centred without length
adjustment, both left and right margins are ragged)
4.3 JUSTIFYING FILL
It is sometimes desirable (particularly in tabular presentations and the
like) to extend a line to full column width by inserting fill characters
at suitable locations, instead of adding or extending blank spaces, as
in normal full justification. The publisher will perform justifying fill
automatically, using the fill character and width (spacing) specified by
the tag
<leader char=n width=w> where n iis the ASCII code number of the
desired fill character, and w is the space between fill
characters in em-widths.
EXAMPLE: <leader char=45 width=0.75> specifies the fill character as a
hyphen `-', on .75 of an em-space.
If no character or width is specified, the Publisher will use a period
`.' on an en-width. This combination is commonly called an en-leader.
Justifying Fill is invoked by inserting the tag <JF> at one or more
locations in the line. The extra space (distance) required to fully
justify the line will be divided equally among the occurrences of <JF>,
and will be represented in the printed text by a row of the designated
fill character, spaced as specified.
EXAMPLE 1: the line
This is<JF>a demonstration<JF>of justifying fill.<QJ>
will appear in print as
This is...............a demonstration...............of justifying fill.
EXAMPLE 2: the line
Section 4<JF>ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION<QJ>
will appear in print as
Section 4....................................ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION